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BUSINESS JIHAD JOURNEY #1 - TURKEY: What history can teach us

Posted On June 9, 2009

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Above : Delivering paper on “Striving towards Excellence in Approach to Business” at Fatih University, Istanbul

A JOURNEY TO BURSA AND ISTANBUL, TURKEY

Between 17th and 24th December 2008, I had the privilege of visiting Istanbul and Bursa, Turkey, in the company of several senior colleagues from JCorp. It was indeed one of our most interesting and meaningful  journeys together, one that also had direct relevance and tremendous significance to JCorp’s greater Business Jihad corporate journey.

Top of our agenda, other than accepting an invitation to address a group of scholars and students at the Fatih University on the subject of Business Jihad and JCorp’s Corporate Waqaf, was to acquaint ourselves first hand with Turkey’s rich and glorious past.  Our interest was especially regarding the role of Waqaf as a powerful religious and social institution that had been successfully adopted and adapted by the Turkish Islamic Caliphate over centuries in their effort to translate Islamic teachings and way of life into reality. Along with the application of superior Turkish military and governmental prowess, religious institutions such as Jihad and Waqaf had contributed greatly towards the building of a prosperous, powerful civilisational force - that had transformed peoples and greatly impacted on history. 

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The Turkish Islamic Empire had indeed been one of the most successful Islamic powers and one of the world’s longest lasting empires that had ruled and dominated world affairs for more than 600 years from 1300 onwards. 

It was the spirit of Jihad under Islam’s civilising banner spearheaded by the Turkish Ghazis that started it all.  This Jihad of the Ghazis strove to liberate, stabilise, prosper and enrich communities beyond just the material.  True to the character of Islam, the Jihad also did not force conversion on the conquered peoples, whose mass conversions only took place after most of them had benefited from the civilisatinal change brought by Islam. 

The fast spread of Islam to Europe undertaken by these conquests had also brought social reforms.  In the words of Lord Kinross, it ”…amounted to a form of social revolution” that had actually benefited Europe when their people were “liberated from Christian feudal power” by the Turkish Muslim invaders. The Muslim Ghazis had brought relative stability and improved living conditions to people who were previously subjugated under feudalism, arbitrarily ruled and mired in lawlessness and hence were significantly backward in many respects.   

Clearly, Islamic ideas, political system, cultural practices and Islamic and Turkish institutions, including the waqaf, had been among the most instrumental components of the Islamic civilasational change for the better.  The Islamisation of Europe, deep into the Balkans and beyond had also been the consequence of this Turkish Islamic civilisational advances.  All these taken together had projected Turkey and the Muslim ummah to new heights of achievements that had not since been surpassed in Islam’s subsequent history.  

On our brief visit to Bursa we were indeed honoured and privileged to have Prof. Dr Murat Cizakca, the renown world authority on Waqaf history, and his charming wife, as hosts.   Prof Murat had suggested, and for an extremely good reason too, that we should start with a visit to Ghazi Osman’s mausoleum.  Ghazi Osman was the Muslim Turk pioneer warrior whose name had since been adopted as the powerful and highly respected ”brand” to describe the Turkish Islamic empire, i.e. the Ottoman Empire.

A JOURNEY TO BURSA AND ISTANBUL, TURKEY<br>17-24 December 2008

It was so fascinating to hear Prof Murat, in the short time that we had, passionately pointing out the highlights of the history of the founding of the Empire and in particular the impact that waqaf had made towards transforming the then society over the centuries.  

Waqaf funding had made it possible for great mosques, caravanserais (or trading centres and secured boarding houses for traders), markets and souks, medrassas and schools of learning to be established.  Trade and learning, as well as business and social transactions flourished together with the security of highways and trade routes provided by the military.  Waqaf also provided the institutional infrastructure that enabled the provision of broad-based, altruistic and institutionalised “safety nets” (the then equivalent of today’s “CSR” programs) established by the rich and the powerful for the support and sustenance of all the poor, the needy and the destitute.

Through waqaf, therefore, it had been possible for society’s mass dynamics to be mobilised to sustain and prosper society itself.  The waqaf enabled the provision of public services and the development of society’s physical assets and human capital critical to society’s own betterment.  Amazingly, all these had been achieved through the waqaf institution, without burdening society with excessive taxes, forced or indentured labour, public debt or forcing upon it a massive, overbearing government bureaucracy.

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Thus  even public works, roads, bridges and their security; water supply, public services; and even protection for birds and wild animals from human harm, were all also undertaken and funded under the ambit of the waqaf as an institution in society!

And it was the rich, the wealthy and the powerful in society who, through the spirit of competing for the doing of good  (fastabiqul khairat), were the ones who spearheaded all these noble acts - all made possible through the sophisticated waqaf institution.

THE LONG JOURNEY

One other most important lesson learnt  from our journey to Turkey was that the Turkish Islamic empire was not built in a day or a decade; nor was its achievements the result of selfish efforts of a king for pure personal dynastic or hegemonic pursuits.  It was accompalished through incremental and cumulative effort undertaken over generations under the benign leadership of the powerful and the able, moved by the noble spirit of the Jihad and supported by the combined will of a society inspired by Islam. 

To be so institutionalised, all these components had therefore to be  intricately woven into the fabric of society.  It obviously needed extreme patience and perseverance, and the common will to overcome all odds and extreme obstacles.  Most of all was the application of strategic long term thinking and having a focused community agenda inspired by deep faith and submission to the teaching of Islam to do maximum good.

A JOURNEY TO BURSA AND ISTANBUL, TURKEY<br>17-24 December 2008

Osman Ghazi first attacked and took Nicaea (Iznik today) in 1301, and his son Orkan followed through by capturing Bursa in 1326.  Generations of Turkish Ghazis and rulers subsequently and incrementally mopped up and captured cities and terrritories.  Decades on, they were able to surround mighty Constantinople itself, which was then the capital of the powerful Christian Byzantine Empire.  It was only in 1453, after more than 150 years from the first seizure of Nicaea, that the Turkish Muslims under Mohammad Fatih was prepared to challenge and conquer Constantinople.  Upon this success the MuslimTurks  permanently settled themselves in the city and turned it into the Turkish seat of the Islamic Empire.  They then changed its name to Istanbul!

For the Turks who established that great Islamic empire, it was an extremely long, patient and meaningful journey that was initiated by Ghazis driven by the spirit of Jihad and a fierce frontier mindset.  To sustain their power, they had been extremely courageous and daring.  Most of all they were also patient and very wise and strategic in long term thinking.  They were also highly creative and innovative enough to know how to improvise and apply the use of powerful God-given institutions of Islam, such as jihad and waqaf, to make a long-lasting success of their venture into history.

My colleagues and I came back from this visit enlightened and refreshed, more determined than ever to pursue our Business Jihad and Corporate Waqaf  initiatives along our own very long, arduous road towards final success.  

Alhamdulillah, JCorp have already won several major and minor corporate battles along the way.  We have also lost  a few, but have learned useful and invaluable lessons from them.  There are going to be more difficult “battles” ahead, but insya Allah, we will be able to overcome the new challenges through sheer tenacity and courage inspired by our Business Jihad. turki.jpg

Through Business Jihad we have found the source of an all-empowering spiritual energy that will continue to charge and recharge our batteries with the necessary will, patience,  stamina and tenacity to overcome.   Through our Corporate Waqaf institutional concept we are ready with the organisational capability to withstand the tides and winds of change, as well as the storms and tsunamis that may be forthcoming. 

The next challenge is also to garner and mobilise others, both from business and non-business sectors, from among Muslim-led as well as non-Muslim owned companies and corporations, to embark together with us on this  fascinating Jihad journey for the betterment of mankind and the world we live in.

In short, the learning from our journey to Turkey has taught us to be more conscious of the need to be patient, and maximise from the benefit of the spiritual wisdom and of adopting a long term strategic horizon that should not be measured by what we individually can achieve in our own respective lifetimes.  Most of all, it endorsed our firm belief that the spiritual energy provided by our Business Jihad cause is extremely powerful.  And that the  Corporate Waqaf organisational concept is indeed an institutional formula for a lasting corporate structure that will enable our future generations of corporate leaders to conquer and build their own “Istanbuls of the 21st century” - and ones that must reform and bring forward a new civilisational advancement badly needed by man to see through the extreme challenges and tribulations of the new millennium. 

Welcome to the Business Jihad Journey!

Muhammad Ali,
9th June, 2009

PERJALANAN KE BURSA DAN ISTANBUL, TURKI

Pada 17 hingga 24 Disember 2008 yang lalu, saya telah berpeluang untuk melawat Istanbul dan Bursa di Turki bersama beberapa orang rakan pengurusan atasan JCorp. Ianya merupakan antara perjalanan yang sangat bermakna dan cukup menarik, di samping berkaitan rapat dengan perjuangan Jihad Bisnes JCorp.

A JOURNEY TO BURSA AND ISTANBUL, TURKEY<br>17-24 December 2008Agenda utama perjalanan kami, selain dari memenuhi jemputan untuk menyampaikan ceramah Jihad Bisnes dan Waqaf Korporat JCorp di Universiti Fatih, Istanbul adalah juga untuk melihat sendiri sejarah kegemilangan Tamadun Islam di negara tersebut. Salah satu daripadanya adalah mengenai peranan waqaf sebagai instrumen dan institusi yang telah digunapakai semasa zaman kegemilangan Khalifah Islam Turki suatu ketika dahulu yang telah menjadikan Islam sebagai agama teragung pada ketika itu. Kerajaan Turki suatu ketika dahulu amat terkenal dengan kehebatan dan kekuatan tenteranya yang luarbiasa, kehandalan pemerintahannya, termasuk keupayaan tinggi institusi-institusi agama meliputi Jihad dan waqaf yang telah membawa Turki kepada zaman kegemilangan yang amat dibanggakan dan memberi kesan dalam sejarah ketamadunan Islam. 

Empayar Islam Turki pernah menjadi antara kerajaan Islam yang terkuat dan paling lama bertahan iaitu sekitar 600 tahun dari sejak penubuhannya pada tahun 1,300 Masehi.

Kegemilangan tersebut sudah tentu bersandarkan kepada semangat Jihad pejuang Turki yang memperjuangkan Islam demi kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan yang melewati kepentingan peribadi. Sesuai dengan sifat Islam itu sendiri, kebanyakan tawanan perang menganut Islam tanpa sebarang paksaan setelah melihat dan memahami kebenaran dan pembaharuan yang dibawa oleh Islam.

A JOURNEY TO BURSA AND ISTANBUL, TURKEY<br>17-24 December 2008

Islam juga turut tersebar ke Eropah dengan cepat melalui penaklukan yang juga telah membawa perubahan yang besar dalam sosial masyarakatnya. Menurut Lord Kinross, “….ianya telah mencetuskan revolusi sosial yang telah memberi manfaat kepada Eropah apabila masyarakatnya dibebaskan dari kuasa pemerintahan feudal Kristian oleh Tentera Muslim Turki”.  Tentera Muslim telah membawa kepada keharmonian dan memperbaiki taraf hidup mereka yang terpinggir dan mundur di bawah pemerintahan sebelumnya.
 
Jelas, idea dan sistem politik Islam, kebudayaan dan institusi Islam Turki termasuk waqaf merupakan komponen yang telah membawa kepada kejayaan Tamadun Islam pada ketika itu. Buktinya, penyebaran Islam sehingga ke Eropah dan Balkan yang telah membawa umat Islam ke satu pencapaian yang lebih tinggi.
 
Lawatan singkat kami ke Bursa telah dialu-alukan oleh Prof. Dr Murat Cizakca yang cukup terkenal dalam sejarah Waqaf dan juga isterinya yang telah mencadangkan agar kami melawat makam Osman Ghazi. Osman merupakan Tentera Islam Turki terawal yang cukup terkenal dalam sejarah Empayar Islam Turki yang kemudiannya mengambil sempena nama beliau – Empayar Osmaniah.  

Walau pun dalam masa yang amat singkat, kami amat kagum dengan apa yang telah diceritakan oleh Prof Murat mengenai sejarah kegemilangan Empayar tersebut dan bagaimana Institusi Waqaf telah memainkan peranannya dalam membangunkan masyarakat untuk sekian lamanya.

Dana waqaf telah digunakan untuk membina masjid-masjid, pasar, pusat perniagaan, madrasah-madrasah dan sekolah. Pembelajaran, perdagangan, perniagaan dan sistem perhubungan bertambah maju, begitu juga dengan kawalan tentera. Dana waqaf juga telah digunakan untuk membina infrastruktur yang membolehkan mereka menjalankan program-program CSR yang berkaitan yang dimulakan oleh golongan yang kaya demi membantu golongan miskin dan yang memerlukan.

Waqaf juga telah membolehkan masyarakat pada ketika itu bertambah maju dari sudut kekayaan material, pembangunan kemudahan prasarana dan modal insan untuk manfaat masyarakat awam. Apa yang menarik, kesemua ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Institusi Waqaf tanpa perlu membebankan masyarakat dengan cukai, kerahan buruh paksa, hutang mahupun karenah birokrasi yang melampau.

Sehinggakan kerjaraya, jalan, jambatan dan khidmat keselamatan, bekalan air, perkhidmatan awam serta perlindungan burung dan haiwan liar juga telah menggunakan dana dari waqaf tersebut!

Golongan kaya, yang berada dan berkuasa pada ketika itu, dengan semangat berlumba-lumba untuk melakukan amal kebajikan (fastabiqul khairat), telah sama-sama menyumbang kepada kejayaan cemerlang melalui Institusi Waqaf ini.

PERJALANAN YANG PANJANG

Satu lagi pengajaran yang cukup berharga dalam kunjungan kami ke Turki adalah hakikat bahawa Empayar Islam Turki tidak dibina dalam satu hari atau satu dekad, mahupun didorong daripada usaha dan kepentingan peribadi rajanya semata-mata. Ianya dicapai hasil daripada usaha yang berterusan generasi ke generasi di bawah pemerintahan yang adil dan masyarakat yang berteraskan semangat Jihad dan ajaran Islam sejati.

Kesemua komponen ini menjadi teras kehidupan masyarakat pada ketika itu. Selain dari kesabaran dan ketabahan dalam menghadapi segala dugaan dan rintangan, penyusunan strategi jangka panjang dan masyarakat yang memiliki keteguhan iman dan bersandarkan kepada ajaran Islam juga merupakan faktor kejayaan mereka.

Osman mula dengan menyerang dan menakluki Nicaea (kini Iznik) pada tahun 1301, dan anaknya Orkan meneruskan dengan menakluki Bursa pada 1326. Generasi seterusnya menakluki beberapa lagi bandar dan wilayah lain. Beberapa dekad selepas itu, mereka telah pun mengepung Kota Constantinople, yang ketika itu menjadi ibu negeri Kerajaan Kristian Byzantine. Hanya pada tahun 1453, iaitu selepas lebih 150 tahun menakluki Nicaea, barulah tentera Muslim di bawah Mohammad Fatih menganggap mereka cukup bersedia untuk menyerang dan menakluki Constantinople. Tentera Muslim Turki akhirnya menakluki bandar tersebut dan menukar namanya kepada Istanbul, yang langsung diduduki mereka dan dijadikan pusat pemerintahan Empayar Turki!   

Tegasnya, kejayaan ini adalah hasil kepada kesabaran, keberanian dan semangat Jihad di dalam diri Tentera Turki pada ketika itu yang pula cukup kreatif menggunakan kebijaksanaan menggerakkan institusi waqaf dan jihad demi kejayaan yang abadi.

Saya dan rakan-rakan pulang dari kunjungan tersebut dengan satu semangat baru untuk menjayakan matlamat Jihad Bisnes dan Waqaf Korporat yang kami usahakan agar mampu mencapai kejayaan sebagaimana yang diharapkan pada satu hari nanti.

Syukur Alhamdulillah, JCorp telah pun mencapai beberapa kejayaan dalam beberapa perjuangan kami. Kami juga mengambil iktibar dari kesilapan lalu dan beriltizam akan terus mengharungi dugaan dan halangan yang lebih mencabar di masa hadapan. Insya Allah, kami akan terus berusaha untuk mengharunginya dengan tabah, berani dan semangat Jihad Bisnes.

Dengan Jihad Bisnes, kami telah pun menemui sumber kekuatan kami untuk terus berjuang dengan tekun, bertenaga dan beristiqamah. Melalui konsep Institusi Waqaf Korporat, kami kini bersedia dan yakin mampu mengharungi rintangan taufan dan badai yang bakal mendatang.

Cabaran seterusnya adalah untuk menyeru semua pihak dari kalangan bisnes dan bukan bisnes, Muslim dan bukan Muslim untuk bersama-sama kami meneruskan perjalanan Jihad ini demi kemakmuran dan kesejahteraan hidup di dunia dan akhirat.

Ringkasnya, kunjungan ke Turki telah mengajar kami erti kesabaran dan meningkatkan usaha melalui rancangan jangka panjang yang lebih strategik yang perlu dijayakan secara bersama sebagai sebuah organisasi. Kami lebih insaf bahawa dalam mejayakan satu perjuangan bertaraf jihad, kami berada dalam satu perjalanan yang memerlukan beratus tahun sebelum boleh benar-benar dianggap berjaya. Yang paling penting, ianya juga telah meningkatkan kepercayaan kami terhadap matlamat perjuangan Jihad Bisnes yang kami usahakan ini. Konsep Waqaf Korporat pula jelas merupakan formula struktur korporat yang pasti mampu berkesinambungan dari generasi ke generasi dan berupaya melahirkan pemimpin untuk menakluki ”Istanbul di abad ke-21” - yang akan membina sebuah lagi sejarah ketamadunan manusia di masa akan datang.

Selamat Datang ke Business Jihad Journey!

Muhammad Ali,
9 hb Jun, 2009

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